The Department of Health and Human Services’ Office for Civil Rights has announced its 10th HIPAA violation fine of 2020. This is the 7th financial penalty to resolve HIPAA violations that has been announced in as many days.
The latest financial penalty is the largest to be imposed in 2020 at $2.3 million and resolves a case involving 5 potential violations of the HIPAA Rules, including a breach of the electronic protected health information (ePHI) of 6,121,158 individuals.
CHSPSC LLC is Tennessee-based management company that provides services to many subsidiary hospital operator companies and other affiliates of Community Health Systems, including legal, compliance, accounting, operations, human resources, IT, and health information management services. The provision of those services requires access to ePHI, so CHSPSC is classed as a business associate and is required to comply with the HIPAA Security Rule.
On April 10, 2014, CHSPSC suffered a cyberattack by an advanced persistent threat group known as APT18. Using compromised admin credentials, the hackers remotely accessed CHSPSC’s information systems via its virtual private network (VPN) solution. CHSPSC failed to detect the intrusion and was notified by the Federal Bureau of Investigation on April 18, 2014 that its systems had been compromised.
During the time the hackers had access to CHSPSC systems, the ePHI of 6,121,158 individuals was exfiltrated. The data had been provided to CHSPSC through 237 covered entities that used CHSPSC’s services. The types of information stolen in the attack included the following data elements: name, sex, date of birth, phone number, social security number, email, ethnicity, and emergency contact information.
OCR launched an investigation into the breach and uncovered systemic noncompliance with the HIPAA Security Rule. While it may not always be possible to prevent cyberattacks by sophisticated threat actors, when an intrusion is detected action must be taken quickly to limit the harm caused. Despite being notified by the FBI in April 2014 that its systems had been compromised, the hackers remained active in its systems for 4 months, finally being eradicated in August 2014. During that time, CHSPSC failed to prevent unauthorized access to ePHI, in violation of 45 C.F.R. §164.502(a), and the hackers continued to steal ePHI.
The failure to respond to a known security incident between April 18, 2014 and June 18, 2014 and mitigate harmful effects of the security breach, document the breach, and its outcome, was in violation of 45 C.F.R.§164.308(a)(6)(ii).
OCR investigators found CHSPSC had failed to conduct an accurate and thorough security risk analysis to identify the risks to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of ePHI, in violation of 45 C.F.R. § 164.308(a)(1)(ii)(A).
Technical policies and procedures permitting access to information systems containing ePH maintained by CHSPSC only by authorized individuals and software programs had not been implemented, in violation of 45 C.F.R. § 164.312(a).
Procedures had not been implemented to ensure information system activity records such as logs and system security incident tracking reports were regularly reviewed, in violation of 45 C.F.R. § 164.308(a)(1)(ii)(D).
“The health care industry is a known target for hackers and cyberthieves. The failure to implement the security protections required by the HIPAA Rules, especially after being notified by the FBI of a potential breach, is inexcusable,” said OCR Director Roger Severino. A sizeable financial penalty was therefore appropriate.
CHSPSC chose not to contest the case and agreed to pay the financial penalty and settled with OCR. The settlement also requires CHSPSC to adopt a robust and extensive corrective action plan to address all areas of noncompliance, and CHSPSC will be closely monitored by OCR for 2 years.
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